Court Reform in Estonia Sparks Debate Over Justice Access
The Ministry of Justice and Digital Affairs has unveiled a plan to overhaul Estonia’s court system, proposing the merger of county, administrative, and circuit courts into a single court at each instance. The reform aims to allow cases to be distributed more flexibly among judges and to respond faster to fluctuations in workloads, while also enhanc
ing the quality of judgments through greater opportunities for judicial specialisation. In a 22 October 2025 article titled “The aim of the court reform is faster and higher-quality justice” , the President of the Supreme Court defended the initiative, citing current systemic challenges: unequal workloads among judges, burnout and staff departures, limited specialisation, inefficiencies due to the restricted powers of court presidents, competition for scarce resources, and fragmented judicial oversight. He also noted growing public dissatisfaction with the length of proceedings and argued that despite rising state funding, the public receives proportionally less justice. Critics, however, warn that the consolidation could centralise justice too heavily, potentially limiting access for citizens outside major urban centres. Questions remain over whether the reform will result in administering justice predominantly from a single city, raising concerns about convenience, fairness, and regional representation. The Ministry maintains that the reform is designed to modernise court administration and improve overall efficiency, but public debate continues as stakeholders weigh the potential benefits against possible downsides.
