April on the Zamzam camp , located near the city of el-Fasher , involved the killing of civilians, hostage-taking , and the destruction of mosques, schools, and health clinics . “The RSF’s horrific and deliberate assault on desperate, hungry civilians in Zamzam camp laid bare its alarming disregard for human life,” said Agnès Callamard , Amnesty International’s secretary-general. 🔹 A Pattern of Atrocities The Zamzam attack was part of the RSF’s siege of el-Fasher , the provincial capital of North Darfur, culminating in an October assault on the city — the Sudanese military’s last stronghold in the region. During that attack, civilians were reportedly executed, and women and girls were subjected to rape and sexual assault. Amnesty International stressed that the Zamzam assault was not an isolated incident , but part of a sustained campaign against internally displaced persons (IDP) camps and local villages in Darfur. The Sudan conflict, which erupted in April 2023 due to a power struggle between the military and RSF, has killed at least 40,000 people , according to official estimates, with some rights groups suggesting the toll is much higher. The war has displaced over 14 million people , creating one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises , with widespread famine affecting many areas including Zamzam. 🔹 Eyewitness Accounts Survivors and aid workers reported that RSF fighters gunned down men and women, tortured civilians, and sexually assaulted women and girls . The paramilitaries also burned homes, markets, and other structures , leaving the 20-year-old camp — which once housed around 500,000 residents — nearly empty. The RSF did not respond to requests for comment from Amnesty International. Following the attack, the group claimed the camp was used as a military base and denied targeting civilians. Amnesty’s report calls for a thorough investigation into the RSF’s actions , which could constitute war crimes under international law.